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Although the biblical narratives depict Yahweh as the sole creator god, lord of the universe, and god of the Israelites especially, initially he seems to have been Canaanite in origin and subordinate to the supreme god El. Shara was a local deity associated with the city of Umma, where his main temple was the E-mah. In this passage from Deuteronomy, El gives each of the gods authority over a segment of the people of earth and Yahweh is assigned to the Israelites who, in time, will make him their supreme and only deity; but it is clear he existed beforehand as a lesser Canaanite god. [70] The early supporters of this faction are widely regarded as being monolatrists rather than true monotheists;[71] they did not believe Yahweh was the only god in existence, but instead believed he was the only god the people of Israel should worship. The meaning of the name `Yahweh' has been interpreted as He Who Makes That Which Has Been Made or He Brings into Existence Whatever Exists, though other interpretations have been offered by many scholars. ubula was a minor god most likely associated with the. Yahweh as the all-powerful creator, preserver, and redeemer of the universe was then later developed by the early Christians as their god who had sent his son Jesus as the promised messiah and Islam interpreted this same deity as Allah in their belief system. A passage like this reflects the early beliefs of the Canaanites and Israelites in polytheism or, more accurately, henotheism (the belief in many gods with a focus on a single supreme deity). Mesopotamia - National Geographic Society | National Geographic Society A prominent place in the Mesopotamian pantheon was occupied by healing goddesses. Stormbringer Singlebrse #117. The name Bl-arbi means "lord of the poplar" (the tree meant is assumed to be, Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of. [47][48], In 9th century and the rejection of Baal worship associated with the prophets Elijah and Elisha the Yahweh-religion began to separate itself from its Canaanite heritage; this process continued over the period 800-500BCE with legal and prophetic condemnations of the asherim, sun-worship and worship on the high places, along with practices pertaining to the dead and other aspects of the old religion. Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. Amzallag compares the attributes of the Egyptian Ptah and the Mesopotamian Ea/Enki along with Napir of Elam, all gods of metallurgy (among their other attributes) with Yahweh and finds striking similarities. Dingirma was a goddess from Kesh regarded as analogous to Ninhursag. For the modern Jewish conception of Yahweh, see, Neo-Babylonian and Persian Periods (586332BCE), The Cambridge History of Judaism: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period p 779 William David Davies, Louis Finkelstein, Steven T. Katz 2006 "(BT Kidd 7ia) The historical picture described above is probably wrong because the Divine Names were a priestly Name was one of the climaxes of the Sacred Service: it was entrusted exclusively to the High Priest once a year on the". Anu - World History Encyclopedia The sun god Shamash crossed the heavens in a chariot as the Egyptian god Aren in Mesopotamian and Egyptian times and the Greek god Apollo would later do. Suhurmau was a creature likely imagined simply as a type of fish by the Sumerians, but as a fish-goat hybrid by the Akkadians. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. By Nissim Amzallag, Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization. Once the land is conquered, Joshua divides it among his people and, in time, they establish the Kingdom of Israel. Kulullu ("fish man") was an apotropaic creature depicted a centaur-like fish-man. [72] Finally, in the national crisis of the exile, the followers of Yahweh went a step further and outright denied that the other deities aside from Yahweh even existed, thus marking the transition from monolatrism to true monotheism. Though scholars know the Anunnaki as the gods of ancient Mesopotamia, fringe theorists believe they are ancient alien invaders from the planet Nibiru. Muuu ("furious snake" or "aweful snake") was a dragon-like creature (sometimes a lion-dragon hybrid), depicted as a servant of various gods in Mesopotamian art. assem paramur traduco undeviceni tenuit in Hebrew Gematria equals 2575: a 1 s 90 s 90 e 5 m 30 0 p 60 a 1 r 80 a 1 m 30 u 200 r 80 0 t 100 r 80 a 1 d 4 u 200 c 3 o 50 0 u 200 n 40 d 4 e 5 v 700 i 9 c 3 e 5 n 40 i 9 0 t 100 e 5 n 40 u . For more information, please see our Belet Nagar was the tutelary goddess of the Syrian city of Nagar. Lulal, also known as Latarak in Akkadian. Ninkilim was a deity who was associated with mongooses, which are common throughout southern Mesopotamia. [41], Iron II saw the emergence of nation-states in the Southern Levant including Israel, Judah, Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Edom and Phoenicia. Its ruins lie near the current city of Antakya, Turkey, to which the ancient city lends its name. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. Yahweh The Destroyer | PDF | Yahweh | Tetragrammaton However, Zeus isn't the only god in the Rick . Yahweh - Wikipedia For this reason, the Sumerian god was also known by the title Lord of the Sweet Waters. Top 10 Sumerian Gods and Goddesses - Ancient History Lists [81] Jews themselves frequently used symbols that were also associated with Dionysus such as kylixes, amphorae, leaves of ivy, and clusters of grapes, a similarity Plutarch used to argue that Jews worshipped a hypostasized form of Bacchus-Dionysus. The names of the principal gods of Akkad and Sumer, c.3100 BC. [11] After the Temple was destroyed in 70 CE the original pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was forgotten.[11]. The cult of YHWH as god of metallurgy originated among semi-nomadic copper smelters between the Bronze and Iron Age, suggests biblical scholar: And he was not worshipped only by Jews Archaeologists uncover remains of an Edomite copper production facility on the so-called Slaves' Hill in Timna. The temple was built by Amenhotep III (r. 1386-1353 BCE) and the reference to Yahweh established that this god was worshipped by another people long before the time when the events of the biblical narratives are thought to have taken place. Introduction Venerated as the patron deity of Babylon itself, Marduk as one of the major Mesopotamian gods formed an important part of the Babylonian pantheon. The 10 Most Important Sumerian Gods | History Cooperative He is generally involved in the creation of the world and/or the creation of humans. Many legendary characters have more than one name. Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. Yahweh creates the world, and hangs the sun and the moon in the heavens, as the Book of Genesis opens. 3. Die Antworten liefern Tracks ohne jegliche Abstriche wie Behind The Mirror, Congelia oder Forest Dweller, die frisch, unverbraucht und eine Moderne der norwegischen Klte prsentieren. 4. Ishum was a popular, but not very prominent god. Scholar Nissim Amzallag, of Ben-Gurion University, disagrees with the claim that Yahweh's origins are obscure and argues that the deity was originally a god of the forge and patron of metallurgists during the Bronze Age (c. 3500-1200 BCE). Latin knowledge, translations and politics during the Palaeologan period / Costas N. Constantinides; Lateinische Texte und bersetzer der Palologenzeit in Konstantinopel: der B "[14] The sacrality of the name, as well as the Commandment against "taking the name 'in vain'", led to increasingly strict prohibitions on speaking or pronouncing the term in writing. An (in Sumerian), later known as Anu (in Akkadian), Enlil, later known as Ellil, is the god of wind, air, earth, and storms. Yes, the clouds dropped water. During the night he traveled through the underworld and passed judgement on the dead. The word 'mesopotamia' comes from the ancient words 'meso', which means 'middle', and 'potamos', which means 'river or stream'. Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. Submitted by Joshua J. Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder". Mark, Joshua J.. Worship of the goddess Atargatis is attested from. [13] The shortened forms "Yeho-" and "Yo-" appear in personal names and in phrases such as "Hallelujah! who rides through the heavens to your help and the clouds in His majesty. Question about Yahweh after watching Rick and Morty : r/atheism - reddit Sumerian God Weh. The Masoretes, who from about the 6th to the 10th century ce worked to reproduce the original text of the Hebrew Bible, added to YHWH the vowel signs of the Hebrew words Adonai or Elohim. Agade - Mesopotamian City. Meskilak was a Dilmunite goddess and the wife of Inzak. (Deuteronomy 33:26-28), There is almost no agreement on his origins. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Particularly compelling are his arguments from biblical passages and the archaeological evidence cited from the ruins of the mines of Timna. Borr dictabam interveniendas laboramus legavisset neturae value in Gematria [44] The earliest known Israelite place of worship is a 12th-century BCE open-air altar in the hills of Samaria featuring a bronze bull reminiscent of Canaanite Bull-El (El in the form of a bull) and the archaeological remains of further temples have been found at Dan on Israel's northern border, at Arad in the Negev and Beersheba, both in the territory of Judah. From the sky the stars fought. Mandanu was a divine judge, attested after the Old Babylonian period, but absent from older god lists such as the so-called Weidner and Nippur lists. The top 4 are: babylonians, mesopotamia, uruk and assyria. Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses - About the project After watching an episode of Rick and Morty recently that was clearly taking a shot at Christianity, I was left with a question from something that was said in the show. Nin-MAR.KI (reading uncertain) was the daughter of Nanshe. 69, [Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, Cambridge University Press], 1979, pp. 4 3 299 Trey the Explainer @Trey_Explainer May 11, 2020 This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. I was wondering if anyone knew if this was true and could explain to me like I'm five one way or the other? (2018, October 22). [43][44] In each kingdom the king was also the head of the national religion and thus the viceroy on Earth of the national god. [61] A number of scholars have also drawn the conclusion that infant sacrifice, whether to the underworld deity Molech or to Yahweh himself, was a part of Israelite/Judahite religion until the reforms of King Josiah in the late 7th century BCE. The Assyrian Empire fell to an invading force of Babylonians, Medes, and others in 612 BCE and the Babylonians claimed the region of Canaan. Enslaved haben mit Heimdal vieles richtig gemacht und ein vielseitiges wie weitsichtiges Werk abgeliefert, trotz den erwhnten . [18] His name is not attested other than among the Israelites and seems not to have any plausible etymology,[19] ehyeh aer ehyeh ("I Am that I Am"), the explanation presented in Exodus 3:14, appearing to be a late theological gloss invented at a time when the original meaning had been forgotten. [60] His worship presumably involved sacrifice, but many scholars have concluded that the rituals detailed in Leviticus 116, with their stress on purity and atonement, were introduced only after the Babylonian exile, and that in reality any head of a family was able to offer sacrifice as occasion demanded. This in itself suggests a shift in cultural prominence from the ancient Sumerians to the later Babylonians. Mesopotamian religion and gods | Britannica Nanna, Enzu or Zuen ("Lord of Wisdom") in Sumerian, later altered as Suen and Sin in Akkadian. Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. 3 13 365 Trey the Explainer @Trey_Explainer May 11, 2020 It's like saying Japanese and Asian as if they are two different things. Dumuzi is also listed as having ruled as a king in both the Sumerian metropolis of Uruk and another Mesopotamian city called "Bad-tibira". Jacob's favorite son, Joseph, was sold by his brothers into slavery and brought to Egypt where, owing to his skill in interpreting dreams, he rose to prominence and was able to save the region from famine (Genesis 25-50). Whoever Yahweh was originally, and however he was worshipped, today he forms the basis of the three great monotheistic religions of the world. The name Yahweh comes from the Hebrew word for "I am." When God met Moses at the burning bush and commanded him to go back to Egypt and lead the people out, Moses asked who he should say has sent him. All of these stipulations and details were applied to the god later, however; it is unclear exactly when Yahweh was first worshipped, by whom, or how. Yahweh, name for the God of the Israelites, representing the biblical pronunciation of "YHWH," the Hebrew name revealed to Moses in the book of Exodus. SearchWorks catalog Nisaba was originally a goddess of grain and agriculture. In Roman times, following the Siege of Jerusalem and destruction of its Temple, in 70CE, the original pronunciation of the god's name was forgotten entirely. The mountains quaked at Yahwehs presence, El was the chief deity of the Canaanite pantheon and the god who, according to the Bible, gave Yahweh authority over the Israelites: When the Most High [El] gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of men, he fixed the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the Sons of God. Bau was a prominent goddess of Lagash, and some of its kings regarded her as their divine mother. Numushda was a god who was associated with the city of Kazallu. Bes was the Egyptian god of play and recreation. The personal name of God was probably known long before the time of Moses. Shul-utul was the tutelary god of the dynasty started by Ur-Nanshe. Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea are a set of twin gods who were worshipped in the village of Kisiga, located in northern. Cookie Notice Yahweh, as the actual name of the supreme being, seems to have remained in use until the Babylonian Exile in the 6th century BCE. (397). [28] An answer many scholars consider plausible is the Kenite hypothesis, which holds that traders brought Yahweh to Israel along the caravan routes between Egypt and Canaan. An The god of heaven, An, was believed to have been conceived by the Sumerians as the supreme ruler of the pantheon. His association with the forge, and with imagery of fire, smoke, and smiting, worked as well in describing a god of storms and war and so Yahweh's character changed from a deity of transformation to one of conquest. The Sumerian Seven: The Top-Ranking Gods in the Sumerian Pantheon Humhum was a minor god worshiped in Dr-arruku (also known as Sippar-Aruru) in northern Babylonia. Top 10 Ancient Mesopotamian Gods - Ancient History Lists During the Second Temple Period (c.515 BCE-70 CE) Judaism was revised, the Torah canonized, and a new understanding of the divine established which today is known as monotheism the belief in a single deity. As a result, their interactions escalate into one form of conflict or another. An was believed to be a sky god, and was initially regarded to be the Lord of the Heavens, or the supreme deity of the Sumerian pantheon. According to scholar Nissim Amzallag, however, Yahweh was a god of metallurgy. World History Encyclopedia. According to Sumerian poetry, the goddess Ninmah acted as a midwife. In the Bible, Yahweh is the one true God who creates the heavens and the earth and then chooses a certain people, the Israelites, as his own. ", Ninhursag ("Mistress of the mountain ranges". Mesopotamian religions, Religious beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and later of their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians, who inhabited ancient Mesopotamia. The Moabite Stone was discovered in 1868 in modern-day Jordan and the find published in 1870. The monotheism of the Hebrew Scriptures would later be appropriated by the adherents of Christianity who would continue veneration of Yahweh, eventually known as Jehovah and then, simply, as God, and Islam would also develop the deity under the name of Allah (the God) beginning in the 7th century CE. 1. Family Religion in Babylonia, Syria and Israel: Continuity and Change A History of the Ancient Near East ca. Lamashtu was a goddess with the "head of a lion, the teeth of a donkey, naked breasts, a hairy body, hands stained (with blood? But Enki warns Atram-hasis and instructs him to build a boat that will help him survive the terrible flood. [22], The oldest plausible occurrence of his name is in the phrase "Shasu of Yhw" (Egyptian: yhww) in an Egyptian inscription from the time of Amenhotep III (14021363 BCE),[23][24] the Shasu being nomads from Midian and Edom in northern Arabia. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The discovery of Amenhotep III's mention of the Shasu of Yahweh placed the god much earlier in history than had been accepted previously. dictabam interveniendas laboramus legavisset neturae in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 0 i 9 n 40 t 100 e 5 r 80 v 700 e 5 n 40 i 9 e 5 n 40 d 4 a 1 s 90 0 l 20 a 1 b 2 o 50 r 80 a 1 m 30 u 200 s 90 0 l 20 e 5 g 7 a 1 v 700 i 9 s 90 s 90 e 5 t 100 0 n 40 e 5 t 100 u 200 r in Hebrew Gematria equals 3210: d 4 i 9 c 3 t 100 a 1 b 2 a 1 m 30 . Mythology & Symbols of Enki the Sumerian God - Study.com Lahmu ("hairy one") was a type of apotropaic creature. The Sumerian term Martu, also used as the gods' name, had a more vague meaning - "westerner." The god was envisioned as a tutelary deity of the Amorites by the Mesopotamians, and in texts he was a courtier or even son of the sky god An and his wife Urash. Martu, in Akkadian known as Amurru, was the divine personification of the nomads who began to appear on the edges of the Mesopotamian world in the middle of the third millennium BC, initially from the west, but later from the east as well. [42] Each kingdom had its own national god:[42] Chemosh was the god of the Moabites, Milcom the god of the Ammonites, Qaus the god of the Edomites, and Yahweh the god of Israel. a descendant). 40:3), and in another part of this book, Yahweh is even explicitly mentioned as being a smelter (Ezek. [77][78][79][80] In any event, Tacitus, John the Lydian, Cornelius Labeo, and Marcus Terentius Varro similarly identify Yahweh with Bacchus-Dionysus. Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the, Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian, Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian. From their courses, they fought against Sisera. Nanibgal was initially a title or alternate name of Nisaba, but eventually developed into a distinct goddess attested in the god list. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period as an independent deity. In I Samuel, God is known by the name Yahweh Teva-ot, or He Brings the Hosts into Existence, in which Hosts possibly refers to the heavenly court or to Israel. [36] Although the Biblical account draws a clear distinction between Israelites and Canaanites in this period, and this was followed in early scholarship, the modern consensus is that there was no distinction in language or material culture between these groups and scholars accordingly define Israelite culture as a subset of Canaanite culture. The inscription mentions how Mesha, after defeating the Israelites, took the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh (the chief god of Moab), meaning the objects sacred to the worship of Yahweh in the temple, most likely the temple in Israel's capital of Samaria (Kerrigan, 78-79). He was brought into the pantheon by the Amorites in the third millennium BC. "God said to Moses, 'I am who I am.' And he said, 'Say this to the people of Israel: "I am has sent me to you."' Mesopotamian Gods Family Tree UsefulCharts 1.38M subscribers Subscribe 24K Share 1M views 1 year ago Watch Mythology with Mike's video about Ishtar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anpre.. TEXT CUT BOOK Keep Your Card in Tins Poilet Books will be issued only on presentation of proper library cards. In Mesopotamia and Syria, Artemis was identified with the goddess Nanaya. Nabarbi ("she of Nawar") was Hurrian goddess possibly analogous to Belet Nagar. This identification had a long-lasting influence on Nanaya by introducing associations with the moon and archery. [11] The High Priest of Israel was permitted to speak the name once in the Temple during the Day of Atonement, but at no other time and in no other place. The Moabite Stone has also been reinterpreted in light of recent scholarship which demonstrates that the people of Moab also worshipped Yahweh and the reference to Mesha taking the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh most likely means he repossessed what he felt belonged to the Moabites, not that he conquered Israel and its god in the name of his own. Birtum was the husband of the prison goddess Nungal. The most important god in the Sumerian pantheon is An (known also as Anu to the Akkadians). [29] This ties together various points of data, such as the absence of Yahweh from Canaan, his links with Edom and Midian in the biblical stories, and the Kenite or Midianite ties of Moses,[28] but its major weaknesses are that the majority of Israelites were firmly rooted in Palestine, while the historical role of Moses is highly problematic. According to some scholars, Yahweh was transformed into the Supreme Being by the ancient Israelites during the Iron Age c. 1200-930 BCE. Stormbringer Singlebrse #117 | News bei Stormbringer.at [44] The festivals thus celebrated Yahweh's salvation of Israel and Israel's status as his holy people, although the earlier agricultural meaning was not entirely lost. Enmesharra was a minor deity of the underworld. He further claims that the name of the god of the Edomites, Qos, is an epithet for Yahweh and notes how the Edomites, a people closely associated with metallurgy, were the primary workers and administrators of the copper mines at Timna and, further, that Edom is never mentioned in the Bible as challenging Israel in the name of a foreign god; thus suggesting that the two peoples worshipped the same deity (390-392). His name is composed of four Hebrew consonants (YHWH, known as the Tetragrammaton) which the prophet Moses is said to have revealed to his people. This is an apt description of the script, as it is easily recognized thanks to its wedge-shaped characters. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. even Sinai at the presence of Yahweh, the God of Israel. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. During the Second Temple period, speaking the name of Yahweh in public became regarded as taboo,[10] and Jews instead began to substitute other words, primarily adonai (.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}, "my Lord"). [11], Yahweh is also invoked in Papyrus Amherst 63, and in Jewish or Jewish-influenced Greco-Egyptian magical texts from the 1st to 5th century CE. Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses: a Pantheon of Battles - ThoughtCo Zeus, Elohim, Yahweh, etc. are all the same gods - HubPages Belet-unir and Belet-Terraban were a pair of goddesses venerated in the Ur III period. Miller and Hayes comment: Perhaps the most noticeable characteristic of Yahweh in Israel's early poetry and narrative literature is his militancy. san antonio housing authority login / chapter 23 care of patients with infection quizlet / chapter 23 care of patients with infection quizlet According to Mesopotamian sources, such as the god list. Shaushka was a Hurrian goddess regarded as analogous to Ishtar ("Ishtar of, Shuqamuna and Shumaliya were a pair of Kassite gods regarded as the tutelary deities of the. The rest of the Book of Exodus details the Ten Plagues which Yahweh sends on Egypt and how Moses leads his people to freedom. Kingaludda was a demon whose name means "director of the storm.". Model of Herod's Renovation of the Temple of Jerusalem, Although the Bible presents Yahweh as the god of the Israelites, there are many passages which make clear that this deity was also worshipped by other peoples in. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. It is generally accepted in the modern day, however, that Yahweh originated in southern Canaan as a lesser god in the Canaanite pantheon and the Shasu, as nomads, most likely acquired their worship of him during their time in the Levant. [25] The current consensus is therefore that Yahweh was a "divine warrior from the southern region associated with Seir, Edom, Paran and Teman". God has no shortage of names--He is called by almost 1000 different ones in the Bible. 1. The name YHWH, consisting of the sequence of consonants Yod, Heh, Waw, and Heh, is known as the tetragrammaton. erua was an Assyrian goddess associated with Ashur. As with all ancient religions (as well as modern), the faith of the people was based on an understanding of quid pro quo (this-for-that) in which they would honor and serve a deity and, in return, would receive protection and guidance. Idlurugu was a god who represent the concept of, Ilaba was briefly a major deity during the. Mesopotamian Monstrosity - TV Tropes Question about yahweh after watching rick and morty. 129+ Mesopotamian Names [With Meanings] [Kings, Gods] The name YHWH, consisting of the sequence of consonants Yod, Heh, Waw, and Heh, is known as the tetragrammaton. Ura is the earliest attested consort of Anu, as evidenced by Sumerian texts dating to the third millennium BCE. The Shasu (also given as Shashu) were a Semitic, nomadic people described as outlaws or bandits by the Egyptians and, in fact, they are named on the column of the temple at Soleb among Egypt's other enemies and appear later, in an inscription from the reign of Ramesses II (r. 1279-1213 BCE), as among the pharaoh's enemies at the Battle of Kadesh. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. The name "Yahweh" means "He Who Makes That Which Has Been Made" or "He Brings Into Existence Whatever Exists". Moses never reaches the promised land of Canaan himself owing to a misunderstanding he has with Yahweh in which he strikes a rock for water when he was not supposed to (Numbers 20) but he turns over leadership to his right-hand-man Joshua who then leads his people in the conquest of Canaan as directed by Yahweh.