But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment. 4.62. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. Hidden Brain - Google Podcasts And to arrive in a new place where you can't tell a joke and can't express an idea - oh, it's just really painful because you feel like your whole self is hiding inside and no one can see it. So they've compared gender equality, gender parity norms from the World Health Organization, which ranks countries on how equal access to education, how equal pay is, how equal representation in government is across the genders. 5.3 Misbehaving Hidden Brain NPR - HOURLY NEWS DONATE < Predictably BORODITSKY: That's a wonderful question. VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. But I don't think that it's always clear to us that language has to change in that things are going to come in that we're going to hear as intrusions or as irritating or as mistakes, despite the fact that that's how you get from, say, old Persian to modern Persian. And very competent adults of our culture can't do that. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose - Google Podcasts And if you don't have a word for exactly seven, it actually becomes very, very hard to keep track of exactly seven. "Most of the laughter we produce is purely . Hidden Brain on RadioPublic Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. You can't smell or taste time. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? I'm . Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. But then you start writing things down and you're in a whole new land because once things are sitting there written on that piece of paper, there's that illusion. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. So that's an example of how languages and cultures construct how we use space to organize time, to organize this very abstract thing that's otherwise kind of hard to get our hands on and think about. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #16: Not figuratively, it's literally MCWHORTER: Yeah. Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Arlen C. Moller, Motivation Science, 2020. In many languages, nouns are gendered. this is hidden brain I'm Shankar Vedantam in the classic TV series Star Trek Mister Spock has a foolproof technique for accurately reading the thoughts and feelings of others the Vulcan mind I am Spock you James our minds are moving closer most most here are kind of hard we have new technology that gives us direct access to the minds of others so Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. Our team includes Laura Kwerel, Adhiti Bandlamudi and our supervising producer Tara Boyle. Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. Accuracy and availability may vary. And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. VEDANTAM: The word chair is feminine in Italian. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, by Adam Grant, 2021. There's a lowlier part of our nature that grammar allows us to vent in the absence of other ways to do it that have not been available for some decades for a lot of us. Bu But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? You couldn't have predicted this I know-uh move-uh (ph). But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. But somehow they've managed, not just by randomly bumping into each other. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. This is a database with millions of art images. Laughter: The Best Medicine | Hidden Brain : NPR And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: (Speaking foreign language). Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. Or feel like you and your spouse sometimes speak different languages? VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important new term. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators and The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, by Neil Rackham and John Carlisle, Journal of European Industrial Training, 1978. For example, he might take a bunch of pictures of boys and girls and sort them and say, OK, this is a boy. So earlier things are on the left. So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. But if I give that same story to a Hebrew or an Arabic speaker, they would organize it from right to left. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. VEDANTAM: (Laughter) All right, I think it might be time for me to confess one of my pet peeves. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. Mistakes and errors are what turned Latin into French. Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "PARKS AND RECREATION"). Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. Lots of languages make a distinction between things that are accidents and things that are intentional actions. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), by Harry T. Reis et. Copyright 2018 NPR. We'll begin with police shootings of unarmed Black men. But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? So it's, VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly. BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. Language as it evolved was just talking to an extent that can be very hard for we literate people to imagine. That's because change is hard. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators, The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a feeling or an experience. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. We love the idea of Hidden Brain helping to spark discussions in your community. I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. We can't help, as literate people, thinking that the real language is something that sits still with letters written all nice and pretty on a page that can exist for hundreds of years, but that's not what language has ever been. This is NPR. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. And all of a sudden, I noticed that there was a new window that had popped up in my mind, and it was like a little bird's-eye view of the landscape that I was walking through, and I was a little red dot that was moving across the landscape. And you suddenly get a craving for potato chips, and you realize that you have none in the kitchen, and there's nothing else you really want to eat. I'm Shankar Vedantam. You know, I was trying to stay oriented because people were treating me like I was pretty stupid for not being oriented, and that hurt. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #6: (Speaking foreign language). See you next week. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. In The Air We Breathe : NPR If you're just joining us, I'm talking to John McWhorter. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. Watch Your Mouth | Hidden Brain : NPR Not without written permission. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Of course that's how you BORODITSKY: And so what was remarkable for me was that my brain figured out a really good solution to the problem after a week of trying, right? Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. And you've conducted experiments that explore how different conceptions of time in different languages shape the way we think about the world and shape the way we think about stories. And one day, I was walking along, and I was just staring at the ground. You also see huge differences in other domains like number. That said, if you hear one or two pieces of music that you really love, feel free to email us at [emailprotected] and well do our best to respond to your request. VEDANTAM: Time is another concept that is also central to the way we see and describe the world. The dictionary says both uses are correct. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, by Jamil Zaki, Niall Bolger, Kevin Ochsner, Psychological Science, 2008. All episodes of Hidden Brain - Chartable And we looked at every personification and allegory in Artstor and asked, does the language that you speak matter for how you paint death, depending on whether the word death is masculine or feminine in your language? So when the perfect woman started writing him letters, it seemed too good to be true. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. If the language stayed the way it was, it would be like a pressed flower in a book or, as I say, I think it would be like some inflatable doll rather than a person. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. 00:55:27 Hidden Brain Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Reframing Your Reality: Part 1 | Hidden Brain Media As you're going about your day, you likely interact with family, friends and coworkers. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. ADAM COLE, BYLINE: (Singing) You put your southwest leg in, and you shake it all about. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #9: (Speaking German). And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, by Karen Jehn et. Hidden Brain. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. All rights reserved. We use a lot of music on the show! UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Speaking foreign language). Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes . Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, by Peter A. Caprariello and Harry T. Reis, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011. We always knew that certain species of animals had abilities to orient that we thought were better than human, and we always had some biological excuse for why we couldn't do it. But if you seed a watermelon, nobody assumes that you're taking seeds and putting them in the watermelon, you're taking them out. VEDANTAM: You make the case that concerns over the misuse of language might actually be one of the last places where people can publicly express prejudice and class differences. BORODITSKY: It's certainly possible. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. You have to do it in order to fit into the culture and to speak the language. Please do not republish our logo, name or content digitally or distribute to more than 10 people without written permission. Additional Resources Book: You're not going to do trigonometry. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. al (Eds. They are ways of seeing the world. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. You know, there's no left leg or right leg. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. What a cynical thing to say, but that doesn't mean that it might not be true. : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? John, you've noted that humans have been using language for a very long time, but for most of that time language has been about talking. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns.
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